Dateien öffnen, erzeugen und speichern

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Contents

Das Start-Diologfenster

Sobald Sie Scribus starten, wird Ihnen ein Dialogfenster mit drei Reitern angezeigt:
Neues Dokument, Vorhandenes Dokument öffnen, Dokument aus dem Verlauf öffnen

Image:DeStartDialog.png

Im ersten Reiter können Sie ein neues Dokument anlegen, mit den beiden weiteren Reitern können Sie Dokmente, die zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt abgespeichert wurden, wieder öffnen. Ist der Start-Dialog geschlossen, können Sie über Menüleiste > Datei , oder mit den Schaltflächen auf der Symbolleiste Datei auf die Aktionen Neu, Öffnen und Speichern zugreifen. Zusätzlich gibt es noch Vorlagen, die Sie über 'Menüleiste > Datei > Neu von Vorlage nutzen können. Wollen Sie ein selbst erstelltes Dokument als Vorlage abspeichern, so wählen Sie aus dem Menü Datei den Eintrag Als Vorlage speichern.

Wenn Sie nicht möchten daß der Start-Dialog bei jedem Programmstart erscheint, dann entfernen Sie den Haken bei Start-Dialog bei Beginn anzeigen in den Allgemeinen Einstellungen (Menüleiste > Datei > Allgemeine Einstellungen > Verschiedenes)

Unterstützte Dateiformate

Das Scribuseigene sla-Dateiformat ist das einzige voll unterstützte Dateiformat. Nur wenn Sie Ihr Dokument als sla-datei abspeichern, können Sie sicher sein daß alle Elemente beim nächsten Öffnen auch exakt an der angegebenen Stelle sind. Trotzdem können über den Datei > Öffnen Dialog einige vektorbasierte Formate geöffnet werden. Import und Export von anderen Dateiformaten als das sla (und sein Vorgänger scd) wird weiter unten erklärt.

sla-Datei

Eine sla-Datei ist eine normale Textdatei, ähnlich aufgebaut wie XML. Um Speicherplatz zu sparen kann die sla-Datei mit gzip komprimiert werden, die Datei bekommt dann den Suffix .sla.gz. Beim Öffnen einer komprimierten sla-Datei erledigt Scribus automatisch das Entpacken, es ist also kein zusätzlicher Arbeitschritt notwendig.

Auch beim sla-Format gab es Änderungen – ältere Scribus-Versionen können die SLA-Dateien der neueren Scribus-versionen nicht öffnen. Trotzdem wird beim Entwicklungsprozess darauf geachtet, daß neuere Scribus-Versionen immer die sla-Dateien der älteren Versionen öffnen können.

Sie können immer eine sla-Datei aus einer älteren Scribus-Version öffnen. Beispiel: Die 1.3.3.x Scribus-Versionen können die mit den Versionen 1.2.x, 1.1.x (und älter) erzeugten Dateien öffnen. Sie können jedoch nicht eine 1.3.3.x sla-Datei in Scribus 1.2.x. öffnen

Dies ist besonders wichtig falls Sie mit Scribus-Entwicklerversionen arbeiten oder auch diese einfach nur ausprobieren wollen. Zur Zeit gilt die 1.3.3.x, bzw. die ganze 1.3.3.x-Serie als stabile Version. Fehlerbehebung und kleine Verbesserungen finden in dieser Serie statt, innerhalb dieser Versionsserie ist der Austausch der sla-Dateien problemlos möglich.

Andererseits geht die Programmentwicklung mit den Versionen 1.3.4 und höher weiter. 1.3.4 und höher sind unstabile Versionen – unerwartete Abstürze können auftreten, und manche Updates können fast unbenutzbar sein. Falls Sie mit diesen Versionen herumexperimentieren möchten, z.B. um bei der Fehlersuche zu helfen, sollten Sie immer mit einer Kopie Ihrer originalen sla-Datei arbeiten. Mit Version 1.3.4 und höher gespeicherte sla-Dateien lassen sich nicht mehr mit den 1.3.3.x Versionen öffnen. Außerdem sollten Sie hierbei die Automatische Speicherung abschalten, um zu verhindern daß Ihre alten Dateien überschrieben werden.

Sollten Sie eine Datei im 1.3.4+ Format gespeichert haben, können Sie mit folgenden Trick den Inhalt zurück in eine 1.3.3.x Version bekommen: Öffnen Sie Ihr 1.3.4-Dokument, kopieren Sie alle Objekte in die Bibliothek. Anschließend eine 1.3.3.x-version von Scribus öffnen, und ein neues Dokument anlegen. Die Versionen 1.3.3.x und 1.3.4+ benutzen die gleiche Bibliothek, Sie können also die Objekte aus der Bibliothek wieder in ein 1.3.3.x-Dokument ziehen.

Vektorformate

Der Dialog Datei > Öffnen verfügt über die Option verschiedene Vektorbasierte Formate zu öffnen. Unterstützt werden die Formate SVG, PS, EPS und OpenOffice.org Draw-Dateien. Das Öffnen dieser Dateitypen unterliegt jedoch Einschränkungen, Der Import von Vektorbasierten Formaten wird in einem extra Kapitel erklärt. Scribus kann PDF-Dateien nicht öffnen und bearbeiten, aber mit gewissen Einschränkungen können sie in Scribus benutzt werden.

Der Datei-Dialog in Scribus

Beim ersten Start von Scribus wird in den Öffnen- und Speichern-Dialogen als Quell- bzw. Zielverzeichnis das Standard-Dokumentverzeichnis (Windows: Eigene Dateien) verwendet. Diese sind unter Datei > Allgemeine Einstellungen > Allgemein eingetragen. Beim weiteren Öffnen und Speichern steht dann in den Öffnen- und Speichern-Dialogen jeweils das zuletzt benutzte Verzeichnis. Wollen Sie zurück in Ihr Standard-Dokumentverzeichnis, so klicken Sie auf die Home-Schaltfläche (das Häuschen) in der rechten oberen Ecke des Dialoges. Der Speichern-Dialog verfügt noch über eine weitere Option: Sie können sla-dateien gleich beim Speichern mit gzip komprimieren. Ist diese Option aktiviert, wird die zu speichernde Datei mit dem Suffix .sla.gz gespeichert.

Ein Dokument öffnen

There are three options for opening a Scribus document. If the document has been worked on recently, it is likely that you will find an entry for it in the File menu's Open Recent submenu. The number of recent documents shown can be set in the "General" tab in 'File > Preferences. If the document cannot be opened with the Open Recent menu, it's possible to open it using File > Open. This will bring up a regular file dialog, so that you can browse for your Scribus document and open it by selecting and clicking on the Open button. The last option for opening a Scribus file is to have the sla file associated with Scribus, so that double clicking on an sla document will start up Scribus and open the document. It may be the case that your operating system does not allow gzipped sla files to be handled by Scribus. In this case you will need to open .sla.gz files using File > Open in Scribus.

The open action inside Scribus can be triggered using three different methods:

  • using File > Open.
  • using The Open icon in the Icon Bar.
  • using the keyboard shortcut CTRL+O

Neu laden

Revert to Saved is a special case of opening a document. The Revert to Saved action can be found in the File menu. The function makes is possible to reload the last saved version of the currently opened document. This can be a good workaround when Scribus' still limited Undo and Redo functionality has failed to recover an error that has been made. To get the most out of this feature, you will need to save your document in relatively short intervals. All your changes done after the last Save action will be lost when running Revert to Saved. As might be expected, if you have made no edits since the last Save, this option will be nonfunctional.

Ein neues Dokument erstellen

Creating a new document in Scribus can be accomplished either by beginning with a blank page, or with a template. A few templates are included with your Scribus distribution, but you can also create your own.

Clicking on File > New from Template (keyboard Ctrl+Alt+N) will show a dialog with some choices of layouts: a brochure, two newsletters, and a presentation. See below for details about Templates.

You can always begin a new document using whatever the default settings are, but for many tasks it will be better if you think through the requirements of your layout job before beginning your document. While it is possible to change the document details afterwards, you will find it easier and less frustrating if you already have made some of the choices for your document, such as page size, layout and margin widths.

If you find yourself using a particular document size, layout style, or certain font most commonly, make these your default settings. See Customizing Scribus for more information. If you make similar documents with only some small variations in layouts, consider making templates you can reuse and modify for future documents – this will be covered later in this chapter.

Der Dialog Neues Dokument

The New Document dialog is of course what you see when you first start Scribus, along with tabs to choose existing documents. The default values you see in the dialog can be set in File > Preferences.

This dialog can also be brought up later by clicking File > New, the New icon on the Toolbar, or keyboard Ctrl+N.


Image:DeNeuesDokument.png


Document Layout controls the page setup inside Scribus. The first option Single Page will create pages in a single column, one page per row. The Double Sided option will create a regular magazine type layout where pages are set in pairs (two pages per row). With the second, third and fourth option it is also possible to control the first page drop down box where one can tell Scribus the position of the first created page. For a regular left-to-right magazine first page would be Right.
Keep in mind that with Double Sided, 3-Fold, and 4-Fold, you are still creating individual pages, printed or exported to PDF as individual pages. These multiple-page selections only apply to the layout appearance in Scribus, so you can see the juxtaposition you desire for whatever reason. A commercial printer, of course, will be able to take those individual pages and arrange them in the end format you desire. In contrast, if you want to create a three fold brochure that you plan to print yourself – ie, a brochure printed on a single sheet of stock and then folded – you should create a single page landscape document of the appropriate size, then use guides to indicate the folding points. How guides are used is explained in the chapter called "Customizing Scribus".

Inside the Page Size frame are general options for the page size. Scribus includes a wide range of preset paper formats that can be selected from the Size dropdown list. If no suitable format is available, there is also an option to create a custom page size by inserting custom values for width and height in the spin boxes below the drop down lists.

Once you are done with the page size, set margins with the spin boxes inside the Margin Guides frame. Scribus can also query your printer for its margins and set up those for you with the Printer Margins... button. If you have selected any other page layout than Single Page the margin selection will be: Inside, Outside, Top, Bottom instead of Left, Right, Top, Bottom. If you conceive of a book as your final product, inside will be the side closest to the binding, outside the farthest away. There are a few preset margin schemes to be used with the double-sided, 3-fold and 4-fold layout options. These presets are controlled by selecting the desired scheme from the Preset Layout drop down list and by altering the width of the inside margin. Scribus will then automatically calculate the other margins based on the inside margin's value and the selected margin scheme.

Options include the number of pages which are initially created and the default measuring unit for the document. You will not need to know the actual number of pages in the final document yet, because pages can be easily added to a document using the Page menu after the document has been created.

The last section, Automatic Text Frames, can be used to create a text frame, bounded by the margins, for every page of document. These automatic text frames will also be linked, so that the text will flow from one frame to another. This option also enables selection of the number of columns and the gap between them. Also note that if you later insert additional pages, these too will have frames automatically created and linked.

Once you are happy with the values, click the OK button. Scribus will create a document, and you may begin to add content. There are some additional document options not covered by the New Document dialog, which can be set in File > Document Setup. This is covered in the chapter Customizing Scribus.

Neu von Vorlage

Whenever you will be serially creating documents with a number of recurrent, similar or identical features, such as graphics, headers, titles, and even content, Document Templates can greatly ease the layout work. In addition to actual content, a template can also include Paragraph and Line Styles and a custom color set.

The New from Template dialog can be opened using the New from Template menu entry in the File menu. This will open up a dialog with three sections.


Image:DeNeuvonVorlage.png


The left-most section lists the template categories. Scribus includes a basic set of categories that can be localized. It's also possible to create your own categories with the Save as Template option as described later on. The middle column shows thumbnails of the templates that belong to the selected category, and the right-most column has details about the currently selected template. Instead of details it is also possible to show a larger screenshot of the template by clicking on the image button above the details. To open a template, double-click on the thumbnail or select a template and click OK. It is also possible to remove templates from the template dialog by using the template's Context Menu's Remove entry.

There are only a few default templates, and these are admittedly of limited scope, but are mainly included as illustrations of how they might be used. As you will see further in this chapter, creating and editing your own is quite easy, since it only involves creating your own layout, then saving as a template.

Ein Dokument speichern

The second section in the File menu is reserved for save actions which include Save, Save as, Save as Template and Collect for Output. In addition to the File menu's save actions there are two additional save actions more hidden from the user. These are Autosave to automatically save your document at a given interval and Emergency Save which is trying to save your document in a case of sudden crash. If you have done some changes to your document and have not saved it yet but are closing the document or Scribus you will be shown a pop up dialog asking if you would like to save the document before it's going to be closed. Image:DeSpeichernAbfrage.png

Speichern und Speichern unter...

Save actions will save all unsaved changes that have been done since it was opened or saved the last time. If the document has not been saved when the save action was triggered, the Save as... action will be run instead. The Save as... action will bring up a file dialog, letting you choose a directory and a filename for the currently opened document. These actions always save the currently shown document. If there are many documents open at the same time, they will all be saved before Scribus is closed.

The save actions will save the file in the Scribus' native sla file format. If you want to save your document in some other file format like pdf or eps see the chapter File Export. One thing to note with the sla file format is that it won't save the images inside the file, but only links to the used images. The links will point to the original place from where they were imported to Scribus. Vector graphics however will be converted to Scribus' own vector format and those will be included in the sla file.

As of Scribus versions 1.3.3.x, the paths to images are relative ones, from the location of the Scribus file itself. The downside of this is that, if you move this file to another location – for example using your computer's copy utility, the file will likely not be able to load your images, since the links will be broken. One way of preventing this problem is by keeping a file and its images in its own separate directory. Another is by using Collect for Output as we will see next.

Für Ausgabe sammeln

To avoid the problem of broken image links, it's possible to use Collect for Output from the File menu. This will be necessary if you want to share your work with someone else and need to send it to another Scribus installation along with its images. This will copy all the images and the Scribus document to a single directory. It's important to understand that with Collect for Output you are not just creating a file, but a directory with a collection of files inside. Once you name the directory and click OK, the default action is to create the directory if it does not already exist, then save the Scribus file and its images inside. If you later import new images to the document, you will need to repeat Collect for Output.

The dialog for picking up a directory includes two additional options compared to a regular file dialog. It is possible to compress the collected Scribus document and to include used fonts in the output directory. If you are unsure whether another Scribus installation using your saved directory will have all the necessary fonts, check the Include Fonts option.

Image:DeFuerAusgabesammeln.png

Als Vorlage speichern

Image:DeAlsVorlagespeichern.png The Save as Template action in the File menu is similar to Collect for Output. The first step, like Collect for Output, is to choose a directory where the template and additional files will be collected. Afterward, you will be shown a new dialog where some metadata can be inserted. You will get the metadata dialog in its full size by clicking the More Details button. Once you are done with the meta data, clicking OK will finalize the saving of the template. From now on, your template will be shown in the New from Template dialog that can be opened from the File menu.

By default, the Save as Template dialog will open your template directory, which is set in the Preferences. If you have not set any template directory the default user level template directory will be used. This directory is ~/scribus/templates on a Linux platform.

Automatisch speichern

Scribus can save your document automatically at a given interval, with a default of every 10 minutes. The Autosave option and its interval can be set in File > Preferences > Document for future documents, and for the current document in File > Document Setup > Document.

Autosave will overwrite your existing document and copy the old version with the extension ".bak". If you need to recover this old version, you will need to rename it with an ".sla" extension, so that it will be recognized as a Scribus file.

Emergency Save

In case of an emergency – Scribus crashing or receiving a SIGILL for any reason – Scribus will try to save the document. The emergency save will use the same directory where the document was originaly stored or, if it hadn't been saved yet, the emergency save will be done to the current working directory. The file saved in case of emergency is easy to recognize, because its file extension is *.emergency. Just as with backup files, it will need to be renamed to end with ".sla" to be recognized as a Scribus file, yet even then there is no guarantee that this file can be opened. In such a case you will have to reload the last saved version.

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